Living Universe
Today I will speak of a realization that I had a few days back. It seemed to me that the Universe is itself a living organism with billions and billions of components stitched together like the cells of a living organism. We know that in a human body millions of cells are dying and being replaced. On an average, it is estimated that around 50 to 70 billion cells die each day in an adult human body. This process of cell death and replenishment is part of normal physiological processes, including apoptosis (programmed cell death), necrosis (cell death due to injury or disease), and regular cellular turnover.
The Universe, it seemed to me a similar dynamic system where few parts die every second but the sum of the parts continue to live on. We think of the stars , the planets and the galaxies , the continuous process of death and birth happening at every moment for its components but in its entirety there is an integrated continuity that exists beyond the life of individual cells. If the cells had consciousness , they would think that their death would mean an end of the world but no sooner had it died a new cell will be born in its place to continue the circle of life. This continues until the entire human body stops living and looses its ability to replenish the dying cells. This is what we call the death of the being. But even then , the society continues to perform irrespective of the loss of one of its members. The family might stop for a while but in a few years it also regains its strength to continue the circle of life. It seems like a never ending process where bigger systems continue in spite of the loss of its component parts.
Interconnectedness
We know that the Universe is growing in space and time. It started as an incredibly hot entity smaller than an atom and has been growing ever since. It is an integrated system where each component is interconnected to each other.
There are several theories and concepts in physics and philosophy that suggest a profound interconnectedness of everything in the universe. These theories and ideas, from both scientific and philosophical domains, suggest that there is a deep interconnectedness at the most fundamental levels of reality, where every atom or particle is linked within an integrated system. While the exact nature and implications of this interconnectedness vary across different frameworks, the overarching theme is the unity and interdependence of all components of the universe. Let us now look into these theories:
1. Quantum Entanglement: One of the most well-known scientific concepts suggesting interconnectedness is quantum entanglement. In quantum mechanics, when particles become entangled, their states are linked in such a way that the state of one particle instantaneously influences the state of the other, no matter how far apart they are. This phenomenon has been experimentally verified and challenges classical notions of separability and locality.
2.Unified Field Theory: Physicists have long sought a unified field theory that describes all fundamental forces and particles within a single, all-encompassing framework. The idea is that at a fundamental level, all forces (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear) are manifestations of a single underlying field, suggesting an intrinsic unity in the structure of the universe.
3.Holographic Principle: This principle, arising from theories in quantum gravity and string theory, suggests that the entire universe can be described as a two-dimensional information structure "painted" on the cosmological horizon. Essentially, it implies that all information about the volume of space is encoded on its boundary, pointing to a deep interconnectedness where each part of the universe contains information about the whole.
4.Holism in Philosophy: Philosophical holism is the idea that systems (be they physical, biological, social, etc.) and their properties should be viewed as wholes, not just as collections of parts. This concept can be extended to the universe, suggesting that the universe functions as an integrated whole.
5.Spiritual and Mystical Traditions: Many spiritual and mystical traditions, including those in Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, and indigenous belief systems, propose that all parts of the universe are interconnected. Concepts such as "Indra's Net" in Buddhism metaphorically describe a universe in which every atom is interconnected with every other atom, forming a vast, intricate web of interdependence.
6.General Systems Theory: Proposed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, this theory suggests that complex systems share certain principles irrespective of their specific details. It emphasizes the interrelatedness of all components within a system, which can be applied to the universe as a whole.
7.Gaia Hypothesis: While primarily focused on the Earth, the Gaia Hypothesis by James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis views the Earth as a single, self-regulating organism. This concept can be extended to suggest that the universe itself may function as an integrated, living system.
Cultural references
This perspective of Universe as a living system is not new but has existed since time immemorial. In many different cultures we can see the importance of human body as the vehicle for Universal realization of Oneness.
The Hermetic tradition, rooted in ancient Egyptian and Greek thought, posits the principle of correspondence, encapsulated in the phrase "As above, so below." This suggests that the patterns and structures of the cosmos are mirrored in the human body and vice versa. Hermetic texts often explore the idea that understanding oneself is a way to understand the universe.
In Sufi mysticism, there is a belief that the human being is a microcosm of the universe. Sufis often explore the inner self to gain insight into the divine and the cosmos. The concept of "Insan al-Kamil" or the "Perfect Man" embodies the idea that humans contain within themselves the complete image of the divine.
Gnostic traditions often emphasize the idea that divine knowledge (gnosis) is found within. The human body and mind are seen as vessels containing hidden truths about the universe and the divine.
In Jewish mysticism, the Kabbalistic Tree of Life is a symbolic representation of the universe and the human body. Each part of the Tree corresponds to different aspects of both the cosmos and the human soul.
In Hindu philosophy, particularly in the context of Yoga and Vedanta, there is the concept of "Atman" (the individual soul) and "Brahman" (the universal soul). The idea is that by realizing the true nature of Atman, one can understand Brahman, thereby discovering the mysteries of the universe within oneself.
These traditions share the view that by exploring the depths of human consciousness, body, and soul, one can uncover universal truths. While this idea is more metaphysical and symbolic rather than empirical and scientific, it highlights a profound perspective on the interconnectedness of all things and the potential for self-knowledge to lead to a greater understanding of the universe.
Newer Ideas
More modern theories and philosophical ideas also suggest the universe could be considered a living organism.
1.Gaia Hypothesis: Proposed by James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis in the 1970s, the Gaia Hypothesis posits that the Earth functions as a self-regulating, complex system that can be viewed as a single organism. While this hypothesis primarily focuses on Earth, it has been extended by some to suggest that the entire universe could operate in a similar manner.
2.Panpsychism: This philosophical theory suggests that consciousness is a fundamental feature of the universe, present even in the smallest particles. According to panpsychism, the universe itself could be seen as having a form of consciousness or awareness.
3.Plasma Cosmology: A less mainstream idea, plasma cosmology posits that the universe is filled with plasma and that electromagnetic forces play a significant role in its structure and behavior. Some proponents of this view suggest that these interactions could be likened to the workings of a living organism.
4.Biocentrism: Proposed by Robert Lanza, this theory argues that life and consciousness are fundamental to the universe and that the universe itself is a product of biological processes. According to biocentrism, life creates the universe rather than the other way around, suggesting a living, participatory cosmos.
5.The Living Universe Theory: This theory suggests that the universe evolves in a way similar to a living organism, with processes of birth, growth, and reproduction. It draws parallels between biological evolution and cosmic evolution, suggesting that the universe may exhibit characteristics of a living system.
These ideas span a range of scientific, philosophical, and speculative thought, and while they are not mainstream scientific theories, they offer intriguing perspectives on the nature of the universe and our place within it.
Why does it matter ?
Why is this idea of a Living universe and interconnectedness significant in modern society ? The answer is that it is probably more relevant in this modern age of Anthropocene than anytime back in history. The Industrial revolution has caused unprecedented Global Warming , Climate Change and destruction of natural ecosystems. This all began with Francis Bacon's Novum Organum (or Instrument of the New Science, or just New Science) where he argued that all existence can be reduced to matter as the singular substance of reality. Man is superior to nature and hence needs to be conquered and exploited to the maximum level to bring material happiness. Rather than seeing ourselves as a part of the web , Bacon and his team of materialists alienated us form the functional interconnectedness of the Universe and paved the way for the future over exploitation of Natural systems.
The idea of the Living Universe has significant implications for Ecology.
1. Viewing the universe as a living organism underscores the interconnectedness of all life forms and natural systems. This perspective aligns with the ecological principle that all components of an ecosystem are interdependent. Such a view promotes the understanding that harming one part of the environment can have cascading effects on the whole system.
2. Seeing the Earth and the broader universe as manifestations of a divine living entity fosters a deep respect and reverence for all forms of life. This can lead to more ethical and sustainable environmental practices.
3. The holistic view inherent in the idea of a living universe encourages an integrated approach to ecology. Rather than addressing environmental issues in isolation, this perspective promotes considering the broader ecological, social, and spiritual dimensions, leading to more comprehensive and effective solutions.
4. Philosophies like the Gaia Hypothesis and similar ancient Indian concepts advocate for living in harmony with the Earth. This involves adopting sustainable practices that ensure the health and longevity of ecosystems, aligning human activities with the natural rhythms and cycles of the environment
5. If the universe is seen as a living organism, it suggests that nature has intrinsic value beyond its utility to humans. This can shift ecological ethics from an anthropocentric (human-centered) to a biocentric or eco centric perspective, where the well-being of all living beings and ecosystems is considered important.
6. Recognizing the universe as a living entity can deepen the ethical and spiritual motivation for environmental stewardship, encouraging practices that honor and protect the natural world.
The idea of interconnectedness in a living universe invokes a sense of purpose to restore human communities by emphasizing the urgent need for ecological restoration and planetary rehabilitation. This perspective fosters a deeper understanding of our role within the broader web of life, inspiring actions that not only heal the environment but also rebuild and strengthen human societies in harmony with nature. By recognizing the intrinsic value and interdependence of all life forms, we can cultivate a shared commitment to protecting and revitalizing the ecosystems upon which we all depend, ensuring a sustainable future for both humanity and the planet.
Counter narrative to reductionist materialism
For the sake of Environmental Sustainability , Planetary Health and Biodiversity restoration , I will now provide a counter narrative to reductionist materialism in the following table with the hope that a section of human population will rise to the situation and proclaim the livingness of our Universe. This is indeed the need of the hour.
Want to see the Living Universe in action ? watch Avatar..
James Cameron's movie "Avatar" (2009) effectively visualizes the concept of a living universe where everything is interconnected, reinforcing themes of environmental stewardship, respect for nature, and the intrinsic value of all life forms. The depiction of Pandora’s ecosystem, the Na'vi's spiritual practices, and their harmonious relationship with nature serve as a powerful narrative counter to reductionist materialism, echoing many of the principles found in holistic and ecological philosophies. Some key ways in which this Living Universe is depicted are as follows :
1. The Na'vi and Nature
Symbiotic Relationship: The Na'vi people have a deep, symbiotic relationship with the natural world around them. They live in harmony with the flora and fauna of Pandora, respecting and understanding the interconnectedness of all life forms.
Eywa: The Na'vi worship Eywa, a goddess representing the collective consciousness and life force of Pandora. Eywa is depicted as an entity that connects all living things on the planet, embodying the idea of a living, interconnected universe.
2. The Neural Network
Bioluminescent Connections: The bioluminescent plants and trees of Pandora are interconnected through a neural network, akin to a planetary nervous system. This network allows for communication and energy transfer between different species, illustrating the concept of a living, integrated ecosystem.
Tree of Souls: The Tree of Souls serves as a central spiritual and biological hub, where the Na'vi can connect to Eywa. Through their neural queues, the Na'vi can physically and spiritually bond with the tree, accessing the memories and consciousness of their ancestors and other life forms.
3. Bonding with Animals
Tsaheylu: The Na'vi use a biological mechanism called "tsaheylu" to bond with other creatures on Pandora, such as the Direhorses (Pa'li) and Mountain Banshees (Ikran). This bond allows them to communicate and synchronize with the animals, highlighting the profound interconnectedness and mutual respect between species.
4. Environmental Message
Harmony vs. Exploitation: The film contrasts the Na'vi's harmonious relationship with their environment against the exploitative behavior of the human invaders, who seek to mine Pandora’s resources without regard for its ecological balance. This serves as a critique of reductionist materialism and the destructive consequences of viewing nature solely as a resource for human consumption.
5. Holistic View of Life
Life and Energy Flow: The film emphasizes that all life on Pandora is part of a larger, interconnected system where energy flows and cycles through various forms. The Na'vi's practices and beliefs reflect an understanding that harming one part of this system can affect the whole, promoting a holistic view of life and ecology.
The final word..
अनेकबाहूदरवक्त्रनेत्रं
पश्यामि त्वां सर्वतोऽनन्तरूपम् |
नान्तं न मध्यं न पुनस्तवादिं
पश्यामि विश्वेश्वर विश्वरूप ||
"I see Your infinite form in every direction, with countless arms, stomachs, faces, and eyes. O Lord of the universe, whose form is the universe itself, I do not see in You any beginning, middle, or end."-Bhagavad Gita
references
https://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/11/verse/16
https://minervawisdom.com/2020/05/11/francis-bacons-philosophy-of-scientific-conquest/#:~:text=Although%20Bacon%20was%20a%20materialist,of%20modern%20philosophy%20especially%20after
https://impakter.com/avatar-inspires-activism-an-environmental-message-from-pandora/
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